Dna And The Human Insulin Gene - 843 Words

After preparing the target DNA, scientists then insert the insulin gene into the plasmid ring. Prior to insertion, the plasmid must be cut open. Special enzymes are required to cut DNA; these enzymes are generally referred to as restriction enzymes (Rediscovering Biology, 2013). After the plasmid is prepared, scientists insert the insulin gene into the ring. The ring is then closed. The human insulin gene is now recombined with the bacterial DNA plasmid. Now that the bacterial DNA contains the human insulin gene, it’s inserted into a certain variety of bacteria. It’s important for scientists to verify the success of their gene transfer to ensure that it’s capable of being reproduced. To make certain, scientists will insert the insulin gene along with a gene coding for antibiotic resistance onto a plasmid. The engineered bacteria will then be grown in a lab using a special gel that contains the antibiotic and other nutrients required for growth. Only bacterial cel ls containing the antibiotic resistance gene that survive are considered successful (Recombinant DNA, 2004). Multiple plasmids are inserted into each bacterial cell, improving the chances of success in terms of insulin production. As the bacteria cell thrives and begins to reproduce, its inner processes activate the gene for human insulin prompting insulin production (Kamionka, 2011). As the cells reproduce, so too does the human insulin gene. Finally, these bacteria-produced human insulin protein molecules areShow MoreRelatedEssay On Dna Methylation1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribe DNA methylation and gene expression of SLC22A1, SLC22A3, and SLC47A1, which respectively encode the three metformin transporters OCT1, OCT3, and MATE1, in the human liver. In agreement with a previous study where OCT1 was found to be the most expressed drug transporter in the liver [15], we found higher mRNA expression of SLC22A1 than SLC22A3 (Additional file 1: Figure S2A). SLC47A1 was also highly exp ressed in the liver, as previously reported [16]. Metformin transporter genes have beenRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo )1271 Words   |  6 Pagesengineers don t make new genes, they rearrange existing ones† says George Mason University Professor of Environmental Sciences,Dr.Thomas Lovejoy(TodayInSci, 2014).Genetic Modifications (GM) have been a topical interest among the field of biotechnology, in which modern techniques directly manipulate genomes allowingthe transfer of specific trait genes from one organism to be inserted into another organism changing its genes. In doing so, an organism with the transferred gene may express the traits thatRead MoreWhat Is Genetic Engineering?954 Words   |  4 Pagesthe transferring a specific traits- genes from one organism to the other- this could be a plant or an animal. It is the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genes- the genetic material. What is genetic engineering used for? It is used to change the genetic makeup of cells which spontaneously includes the transfer of genes within and across species. Genetic engineering is also used to mass produce insulin, human growth hormones, follistim (which isRead MoreUnit Title: Biochemistry Of Nucleic Acids.(A.C. 5.1 And1583 Words   |  7 PagesUnit Title: Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids (A.C. 5.1 and 5.2) The human body is made up of trillions of cells and each cell has a nucleus, filled inside with chromosomes made of a long string of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) wrapped around a special protein called histone (American cancer society 2014). According to Cancer Research UK (2014) DNA by itself is made up of thousands of genes, which are a coded message that tell the cell how to behave and divide. As such if the signals are missing, cellsRead MoreThe Human Of Recombinant Bacteria1649 Words   |  7 Pagesis a bacterium cell that has had its genome changed, by the alteration, or edition of a gene. Recombinant DNA is DNA that has been artificially prepared by cutting DNA into smaller fragments and joining fragments together, that would not normally be found together naturally- even fragments taken from different organisms.( Principles of Gene Manipulation sixth edition, S.B. Primrose, R.M. Twyman and R.W. Old ) DNA can be cut using the enzyme Restriction endonuclease, which recognises a specific sequenceRead MoreThe Use Of Recombinant Dna For Science And Medicine909 Words   |  4 Pagesrecombinant DNA technology has been a huge advancement to science. In the early 1970s the first recombinant DNA was produced (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013). Researchers Stanley Cohen and Hebert Boyer used restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and then fused them back together to form their recombinant vector (â€Å"1972 First†, 2013; Cederbaum, S., et al., 1984). Through transformation the vector is then inserted into a host cell to amplify their hybrid DNA, also known as recombinant DNA (â€Å"1972 First†Read MoreEssay about The Use of Recombinant DNA Technology844 Words   |  4 PagesThe Use of Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA technology is the technology of preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism.(1) This is the process of using recombinant DNA technology to enable the rapid production of human protein from a single gene of insulin. Firstly the single gene required must be isolated. This can be done three ways: Either by working backwards from the protein-Read MoreThe Role Dna Serves For The Human Cell1267 Words   |  6 Pages The Role DNA Serves For The Human Cell Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) accommodates a variety of purposes, including data storage and replication, in the human cell and in the cells of many other organisms. DNA in a human cell is primarily responsible for storing genetic information that is utilized to control virtually every aspect of cellular expression. This genetic information is passed down from parents to progeny, resulting in progeny with some genetic traits of each parent. DNA is withal replicatedRead MoreEthical And Social Problems Of Genetic Engineering1478 Words   |  6 PagesEngineering is the process of manipulating the genome of an organism such as bacteria, insulin, brown rice and etc using biotechnology. Genetic Engineering is developed to make cell growth faster, increase production, and protect against diseases. An organism that is produced through Genetic Engineering is called Genetically Modified Organism or GMO. The first GMO was a bacterium produced in 1973 in a lab and in 1982 Insulin became the fi rst GMO commercialized product available to the public. In the 21stRead MoreThe Discovery, Process, And Applications Of Transgenic Bacteria1416 Words   |  6 PagesTransgenic bacteria, or genetically modified bacteria, is a type of recombinant DNA organism which uses bacteria as the host for inserting an exogenous gene. This biotechnology has been most widely utilized in medication with a great contribution to the progress of today’s medical science and pharmacy. This research paper introduces the discovery, process, and applications of transgenic bacteria. Furthermore, its advantages, disadvantages, and future directions will also be discussed. In 1953,